Ammonia

Ammonia is a toxic waste compound produced by fish and decomposing matter, and even small amounts can be lethal.

What is ammonia in aquariums?

Ammonia (NH₃/NH₄⁺) is produced from fish waste, uneaten food, and decaying organic material.

Why ammonia is dangerous

Ammonia damages fish gills and internal organs and can quickly cause death.

Safe level:

  • 0 ppm at all times

Ammonia in the nitrogen cycle

Beneficial bacteria convert:

  1. Ammonia → Nitrite
  2. NitriteNitrate

This process is essential for a healthy aquarium.

What increases ammonia

  • Overfeeding
  • Overstocking
  • Dead fish or plants
  • New or uncycled tanks

Testing ammonia is critical, especially during aquarium cycling.