Nitrite

Nitrite (NO₂⁻) is a toxic compound formed from ammonia by bacteria and must be converted to nitrate for a safe aquarium.

What is nitrite in aquariums?

Nitrite (NO₂⁻) is an intermediate compound in the nitrogen cycle, produced when beneficial bacteria convert ammonia from fish waste and decaying matter.

Why nitrite is dangerous

Even small amounts of nitrite are harmful to fish:

  • Interferes with oxygen transport in the blood (methemoglobinemia)
  • Causes stress, lethargy, and gill damage
  • Can lead to death if levels remain high

Safe levels

  • 0 ppm is the target for all aquariums

Nitrite in the nitrogen cycle

  1. Ammonia → Nitrite (by Nitrosomonas bacteria)
  2. Nitrite → Nitrate (by Nitrobacter bacteria)

Monitoring nitrite is crucial during new tank cycling and after major tank changes.

How to reduce nitrite

  • Perform partial water changes
  • Ensure the tank is fully cycled
  • Avoid overfeeding and overstocking
  • Use biological filtration to support nitrite-converting bacteria